Autism and Communication: Working with Nonverbal and Alternative Means of Communication



Communication is an essential aspect of human interaction, but for many autistic people, standard verbal communication may not be the most prevalent or most beneficial way to get their point across. Autism affects communication in various ways—some autistic people are very verbal, some are minimally verbal, and some are nonverbal. But nonverbal does not mean uneducated or unable to communicate. Most autistic individuals use alternative methods of communication to express their thoughts, needs, and feelings.


In this blog post, we talk about some of the communication challenges in autism, why we need to learn nonverbal communication, and some alternatives that allow autistic individuals to communicate.


Understanding Communication Differences in Autism


Communication difficulties in autism are extremely varied. Some autistic individuals will have problems using verbal communication, but others may struggle interpreting nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language. Some of the common differences in communication are:


Delayed speech development – Some autistic children will talk later than other children or become stuck on constructing sentences.


Echolalia – Repeating words or phrases, which at times is a language processing method.


Trouble with back-and-forth conversation – Some autistics struggle with social reciprocity, so conversation can be an issue.


Challenges with nonverbal communication – Understanding gestures, facial expressions, or body language can be challenging.



For those individuals who do not employ verbal speech as a way of communicating, autistic individuals are provided with alternatives as a realistic way of talking.


Alternative Communication Systems for Autistic Nonverbal Users


There are various systems through which autistic nonverbal individuals may communicate effectively. Some of the most common ones are:


1. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Devices


AAC devices are machines that help individuals to communicate without relying on words. They vary from as simple as picture boards to as complex as speech-generating devices. A few examples are:


Speech-generating devices (SGDs) – These are gadgets that convert typed or selected words into spoken language. Proloquo2Go and TouchChat are examples of applications that help users form sentences using symbols or text.


Text-to-speech programs – Some autistics type on electronic devices with the aid of text-to-speech software to say words on their behalf.


2. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)


The PECS method is widely used wherein an individual employs the exchange of picture cards to illustrate words, activities, or instructions. It's ideal for non-verbal autistic children acquiring language.


3. Sign Language and Gestures


Other autistics want to communicate using signs or gestures and not by speaking. American Sign Language (ASL) or Makaton, a simplified sign system, can be effective methods of communication.


4. Typing and Writing


Typing or writing is the preference for some autistics. Many nonverbal autistics, including well-known advocate Ido Kedar, have expressed their thoughts by written communication, banishing myths about intelligence and ability.


5. Facial Expressions and Body Language


A few autistics do have trouble interpreting body language, yet others do make use of facial expressions, pointing, or other nonverbal cues to tell us something. Caregivers and educators can be trained to interpret these indicators and react suitably.


The Importance of Respecting Communication Preferences


Communication is more than talking—it's listening and being heard. It is absolutely important that one respects every autistic individual's communication style. Instead of insisting on making nonverbal individuals speak, it is more effective to provide them with tools that allow them to communicate naturally and comfortably.


In addition, patience and listening are essential to effective communication. The majority of autistic individuals process language in a different way, thus giving them time to respond and respecting their mode of communication ensures inclusivity and comprehension.


Conclusion


People with autism communicate in so many ways, and verbal speech is not the only choice. By communicating through other forms of communication such as AAC devices, PECS, sign language, and typing, we can allow the nonverbal autistic person to have a voice. Learning to accept and understand these differences in communication makes for a world that is more accepting and open where we can all express ourselves in whatever capacity is best for each one of us.

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