Common Speech and Language Therapy Techniques for Children with Down Syndrome



Why It Matters

Children with Down syndrome often experience delays in speech and language development due to a combination of physical and cognitive factors. Early and consistent speech and language therapy (SLT) is key to helping them express themselves, connect with others, and thrive academically and socially.

This blog explores widely used SLT techniques, tailored to the unique learning style and communication needs of children with Down syndrome.


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🧠 Understanding the Challenge

Children with Down syndrome typically face:

Low muscle tone (hypotonia) affecting oral motor skills

Hearing issues, especially from frequent ear infections

Slow auditory processing

A strength in visual learning over auditory


SLT techniques are designed to leverage their strengths and support areas of difficulty.


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🧰 Common SLT Techniques

1. Total Communication Approach

This uses a combination of:

Spoken words

Sign language (e.g., Makaton or ASL)

Gestures, pictures, and symbols


> ✅ Benefits: Helps reduce frustration and builds confidence before speech develops.




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2. Oral Motor Therapy

Exercises to improve jaw strength, tongue movement, and lip closure, which are crucial for articulation.

Examples include:

Blowing bubbles

Drinking through a straw

Tongue exercises with mirrors



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3. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

For children with severe speech delays, AAC tools provide a voice through:

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Speech-generating devices or apps (e.g., Proloquo2Go)



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4. Modeling and Expansion Techniques

Therapists and caregivers:

Model correct language use during play and routines

Expand on the child’s speech (e.g., Child: “Ball.” → Adult: “Yes! A red ball!”)



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5. Interactive Storytelling and Songs

Using rhythmic, repetitive books and songs helps reinforce language patterns, improve memory, and boost vocabulary.


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6. Visual Supports

Since children with Down syndrome are strong visual learners, therapists use:

Visual schedules

Sequencing cards

Storyboards to aid comprehension and expression



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7. Speech Sound Practice through Play

Therapy is embedded in play-based settings to encourage natural use of:

Consonant-vowel combinations (e.g., “ba,” “ma”)

Early phonemes using toys, puppets, and role-play



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👪 Role of Parents and Caregivers

Parent-led SLT at home is powerful. Techniques like slow, clear speech, repeating key words, and creating opportunities for interaction help reinforce progress outside of therapy sessions.

Conclusion

Speech and language therapy for children with Down syndrome is most effective when it’s early, consistent, and personalized. By combining professional support with daily practice at home, children can build the communication skills they need to connect with their world confidently.




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